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The Collaboration: Hollywood's Pact with Hitler, by Ben Urwand
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To continue doing business in Germany after Hitler's ascent to power, Hollywood studios agreed not to make films that attacked the Nazis or condemned Germany's persecution of Jews. Ben Urwand reveals this bargain for the first time--a "collaboration" (Zusammenarbeit) that drew in a cast of characters ranging from notorious German political leaders such as Goebbels to Hollywood icons such as Louis B. Mayer.
At the center of Urwand's story is Hitler himself, who was obsessed with movies and recognized their power to shape public opinion. In December 1930, his Party rioted against the Berlin screening of All Quiet on the Western Front, which led to a chain of unfortunate events and decisions. Fearful of losing access to the German market, all of the Hollywood studios started making concessions to the German government, and when Hitler came to power in January 1933, the studios--many of which were headed by Jews--began dealing with his representatives directly.
Urwand shows that the arrangement remained in place through the 1930s, as Hollywood studios met regularly with the German consul in Los Angeles and changed or canceled movies according to his wishes. Paramount and Fox invested profits made from the German market in German newsreels, while MGM financed the production of German armaments. Painstakingly marshaling previously unexamined archival evidence, The Collaboration raises the curtain on a hidden episode in Hollywood--and American--history.
- Sales Rank: #483042 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Belknap Press
- Published on: 2013-09-10
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 10.00" h x 7.00" w x 1.25" l, 1.44 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 336 pages
Features
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Bookforum
In order to build his case, and to expose what he sees as not merely greed, cowardice, and opportunism on the part of movie moguls but outright collaboration with Nazi officials, Urwand marshals his evidence with the zeal of a criminal prosecutor. What begins, innocently enough, as an attempt to reveal “the complex web of interactions between the American studios and the German government of the 1930’s” very quickly becomes a matter of defending, as best he can, his claim about the vast extent to which Los Angeles- based German consul Georg Gyssling censored American movies and controlled their leading producers. —Noah Isenberg
Review
A tremendous piece of work, fully sustained, building momentum charged by thrillingly detailed storytelling, increasing suspense, and a consistent movement from outrages to atrocities, with a stunning conclusion of heroism and tragedy--and it is as well a devastating RIP to what we've been told, all down these years, about 'the genius of the system.' (Greil Marcus)
Full of startling and surprising revelations, presented in exemplary fashion, without any moralizing or sensationalism. The Collaboration shows how Hollywood and especially the big studios went along with German demands to censor movies not only before but especially after the Nazi seizure of power. (Richard J. Evans)
Urwand...presents explosive new evidence about the shocking extent of the partnership between the Nazis and major Hollywood producers...[A] riveting book...As you turn its pages you realize with dismay that collaboration is the only fitting word for the relationship between Hitler and Hollywood in the 1930s. Using new archival discoveries, Urwand alleges that some of the Hollywood studio heads, nearly all of whom were Jewish, cast their lot with Hitler almost from the moment he took power, and that they did so eagerly--not reluctantly. What they wanted was access to German audiences. What Hitler wanted was the ability to shape the content of Hollywood movies--and he got it...What is shocking and new about Urwand's account is its blow-by-blow description of Hollywood executives tailoring their product to meet the demands of the Nazi regime. (David Mikics Tablet Magazine 2013-06-10)
Urwand draws on a wealth of previously uncited documents to argue that Hollywood studios, in an effort to protect the German market for their movies, not only acquiesced to Nazi censorship but also actively and enthusiastically cooperated with that regime's global propaganda effort. (Jennifer Schuessler New York Times 2013-06-25)
Urwand keeps the jaw-dropping revelations coming in this damning indictment of the complicity of the major Hollywood studios--and their mostly Jewish heads--in the Nazis' campaign to exterminate Europe's Jews...Urwand deserves immense credit for this groundbreaking--and truly unique--take on the WWII era.
(Publishers Weekly (starred review) 2013-07-22)
Offers a keen, unsettling look at the unholy alliance Hollywood made with the Nazis, which allowed both to keep packing movie theaters in Germany up until the outbreak of war...There was pressure on the studios to censor defense of Jews in certain films and suppress films that portrayed Nazis in an unflattering light (The Mad Dog of Europe). The result of this complicated and slippery relationship, as Urwand depicts with subtlety, was the absolute disappearance from film of Nazis and Jews until the end of the decade.
(Kirkus Reviews 2013-07-15)
Urwand's book details in sometimes shocking fashion how the Hollywood film industry, including studios run by legendary Jewish film moguls such as Louis B Mayer, were willing to pre-screen their films for Nazi officials and remove content they found objectionable.
(Andy Goldberg Military.com 2013-08-04)
[Urwand] has revealed in terrifying detail how Hollywood was at the whim of the Nazis throughout the 1930s--censoring films and dropping others in a sinister collaboration with Hitler.
(Daily Mail 2013-07-31)
Urwand is tearing down the popular impression that the 1930s Hollywood community stood united in efforts to combat the Nazi regime. Quite the contrary, says Urwand, whose research reveals a shocking level of collaboration (or Zusammenarbeit, i.e. 'working together') between the German government and Tinseltown's studios--many of which were famously headed by Jews...The Collaboration depicts a studio system in which films were submitted for approval to aggressive German propaganda officials, who demanded cuts and changes to material deemed 'detrimental to German prestige'--not only to film versions created for the German market, but for the U.S. and countries around the world.
(Lesley M. M. Blume Vanity Fair online 2013-08-22)
Urwand's investigation of this dark chapter in the history of the American film industry is as intriguing as it is compellingly told. (Theis Duelund Los Angeles magazine 2013-09-10)
The Collaboration expertly dismantles Hollywood's rose‐tinted view of history, proving it wasn't standing up to fascism as it has claimed, but eagerly appeasing the Nazis so long as the money was coming in.
(Kyle Ryan A.V. Club 2013-09-06)
[A] provocative book.
(Rosemary Neill The Australian 2013-09-28)
Urwand's book about how Hollywood conducted business with and within Germany after Hitler's ascent to power is a fascinating examination of capitalist amorality in the face of evil. Urwand does a good job of cataloging the ways Hollywood studios--largely headed by immigrant Jewish entrepreneurs--took measures to placate the Nazis so they could continue to show films in Germany throughout the 1930s, until the Nazi invasion of Poland...Urwand has uncovered a very interesting, heretofore unknown, true Hollywood story.
(Philip Martin Arkansas Democrat-Gazette 2013-09-29)
This eminently accessible, often riveting account of a little-understood chapter in American cinema history should appeal to a wide general readership. (Roy Liebman Library Journal 2013-10-15)
[An] eye-opening study of Hollywood and the Nazi elite…The Collaboration unfolds a story that rather knocks the shine off the golden age of cinema…Urwand has done some energetic digging in the archives, quoting letters, memos and newspaper reports to uncover a shameful policy of compromise and kowtowing on the part of the studio bosses. And what lends the story its peculiar irony is that those bosses who did their utmost to appease the crazed ideology of Nazism were by and large Jews themselves. (Anthony Quinn The Guardian 2013-10-16)
Urwand…sheds new light on the way the studio bosses responded to Nazi pressure, from 1933, when Hitler assumed power, to 1941, when the United States entered the war…Drawing on American and German archival material, the author shows that Hollywood began working with the Nazis in 1933. The collaboration was not passive, but voluntary: part of a strategy necessary in order for the studios to maintain their market in Germany--which had more movie theaters than any other country in Europe…Urwand describes how the Nazis tried to shape the very content of American films--and often succeeded. (Samuel Blumenfeld Le Monde 2013-10-11)
Hard-hitting…Urwand has dug deep…and come up with some genuine revelations… The story is quite dramatic, and shameful. (Philip Kemp Times Higher Education 2013-10-24)
[The] revelations in Ben Urwand’s controversial expos�, The Collaboration, are nothing short of astonishing, going well beyond what was known about Hollywood’s timidity during that era. With damning archival evidence, Urwand argues that the studios, motivated by profits, were reluctant to abandon the German market, where American films were popular and Hitler himself was a fan…Urwand’s finely documented account is even more chilling--in large part because the ‘collaborators’ to whom he points were American, and in many cases also Jewish. (Julia M. Klein Boston Globe 2013-10-19)
Impeccably researched and impressively argued, Ben Urwand’s gripping volume systematically reveals the way major Hollywood studios were willing to protect their
financial interests in the German market by appeasing the Nazi regime. Urwand has unearthed remarkable evidence from archives in Germany and America, confirming that the road to hell was paved with a thousand concessions. Hollywood studios went to astonishing lengths not to offend or upset the Nazi regime. What began with minor adjustments to scripts eventually reached a point where projects that were unsympathetic to Germany’s past or critical of the Nazis were simply never made…The studios didn’t just follow a policy of accommodation they became willing partners with the Nazis to reach an understanding of what could be mutually beneficial to both parties. The book is such a revelation because it goes against the grain of commonly held assumptions…Urwand is particularly good at marshalling hard facts and solid evidence that builds into a horrifying indictment of studios that continued to operate in Germany throughout the first eight years of Hitler’s rule…Even as the full horrors of the Nazi regime became apparent to the world, Hollywood continued to offer the hand of collaboration, a fact all the more ironic considering that many of the studio bosses were Jewish…This is a book that challenges every rose-tinted view of Hollywood’s Golden Age. It sheds a piercing light on dark deeds and is an invaluable work of political history that has all the page-turning urgency of a thriller.
(Allan Hunter Glasgow Herald 2013-10-19)
In Urwand’s account of the relationship between the American film industry and the government of Germany in the 1930s, he shows that Hollywood studios put profits ahead of scruples in their dealings with the Nazis. (Lisa Jarvinen Philadelphia Inquirer 2013-11-03)
Urwand’s book uncovers important material about the relationship between the American film industry and the Nazi regime…Readers may or may not agree with Urwand’s conclusion about the perils of Jewish self-denial. But in highlighting it, he provides a useful reminder that scholarship on the Nazi era continues to serve as a mirror in which Jews view themselves. (Gavriel Rosemfeld Forward 2013-11-08)
With great attention to detail, Urwand describes multiple contacts between the studios and German officials, and he apparently breaks some new ground with his descriptions of Georg Gyssling, who became a Hollywood fixture after Hitler came to power in 1933. (Roger Currie Winnipeg Free Press 2013-11-23)
The Collaboration felt genuinely original and eye-opening as Ben Urwand systematically revealed the way major Hollywood studios were willing to protect their financial interest in the German market of the 1930s by appeasing the Nazi regime. The road to hell was paved by a thousand concessions. (Allan Hunter Glasgow Herald 2013-12-14)
Urwand has dug deep in the German archives and found evidence that the Nazis’ business dealings with some of the studios were much closer than previously realized. He also draws attention to the flagrant lobbying of the Nazi emissary to Hollywood. (J. Hoberman London Review of Books 2013-12-19)
A welcome addition to understanding Hollywood’s response to the rise of Nazism. (J. Fischel Choice 2014-01-01)
The book is a fascinating take on the shady politics of Hollywood and should be read by anyone interested in going behind the glamour of 1930s cinema. (Taylor Downing History Today 2014-09-01)
About the Author
Ben Urwand is a Junior Fellow of the Society of Fellows at Harvard University.
Most helpful customer reviews
74 of 89 people found the following review helpful.
Flawed analysis of its Subject
By Robert M. Fells
I have decided to revise my review here due to new information - a lot of it - that I was unaware of when I originally wrote this review. Mr. Urwand is a good writer and his book remains fascinating to read, but he seems better suited to the field of fiction rather than non-fiction.
Arthor Urwand seems to depend somewhat on the readers' benefit of hindsight - that everybody knows you can't do business with Nazis - as if this was a no-brainer to everybody in the early and mid-1930s. One of the greatest prophets of Nazi thuggery during that time was Winston Churchill, but many preferred to believe that he was an alarmist and just posturing politically. But more troubling is Urwand's flawed analyses of the few films that the studios did produce in the 1930s to highlight anti-Semitism and the Nazi threat.
THE HOUSE OF ROTHSCHILD (1934) stands as the one significant film produced by a major studio that tackled anti-Semitism and drew a distinct parallel from the 19th century time frame of its story to modern-day Nazi Germany. Urwand correctly observes that the reaction to ROTHSCHILD resulted in the studios swearing off the topic until after the Second World War. The problem is that Urwand blames the film itself for the resulting ban. The author provides an extensive review of ROTHSCHILD, even quoting the film's dialogue to make his points.
Unfortunately, he engages in selective quotes and omits a few others that would give a different impression of the narrative. For example, Urwand complains that in the film's prologue, old Meyer Rothschild is portrayed as a stereotypical Shylock character, seeking to cheat the tax collector by keeping a set of phony books and offering the taxman a bribe. Germany was delighted and used ROTHSCHILD excerpts for propaganda. But this sequence doesn't play the way Urwand depicts. Dialogue conveys that Meyer usually pays tax of 2,000 gulden but the tax collector arbitrarily imposes 20,000 gulden unless Meyer pays him a bribe. This substantially changes the viewer's impression.
I could cite more examples from ROTHSCHILD but this is a review, not a rebuttal. Suffice it to say Urwand doesn't appear to be a vintage film buff for he fails to tell his readers that the anti-Semitic character in ROTHSCHILD is played by Boris Karloff, clearly portraying a civilized type of Frankenstein monster. Likewise, Urwand calls Hollywood's first anti-Nazi film, CONFESSIONS OF A NAZI SPY (1939), a "cheesy" B picture when it was very much an A picture with an all-star A-list cast. As has been observed, everybody is entitled to their own opinion but not to their own facts. Where were the fact-checkers for Harvard University Press?
15 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
The Collaboration is a seamy insider look at how Hollywood did business with the odious Hitler regime
By C. M Mills
When I stroll through my library I see my shelves bulging with books on the Nazi era in history. And yet...I have added a new tome on a new aspect of the evil regime which ruled Germany from 1933-45 bringing death, murder and destruction to millions of people. The book is "The Collaboration" whose topic is the pact Hollywood made in the 1930s to do business with Germany. Like IBM, General Motors and other huge American corporations the Hollywood studios wanted their film product to do well overseas. Germany loved American films including Hitler. The Fuehrer watched films almost every evening enjoying everything from Mickey Mouse cartoons to King Kong to Greta Garbo costume dramas such as "Camille." Even though most of the moguls in Los Angeles were Jewish they still wanted their hand in the rich pie of German revenues.
Ben Urwand of Harvard has done study of this little reported nexus between the movies and the murderous regime in Berlin.
Much of the book deals with separate movies and how they were received in Germany. Hitler had three critical responses to film. A movie was good, bad or "switched off" (meaning that Hitler ordered the film projector to stop running the film of the evening).
The book is rich in interesting quotations. A sampling of them include:
"An important fact about Hollywood movies in this period, however, is that they were extremely popular in Nazi Germany."-p. 7
"The studio heads, who were mostly immigrant Jews, went to dramatic lengths to hold on to their investment in Germany."-p. 9
"Every night before going to bed Adolf Hitler watched a movie. He picked the title himself from a list presented to him at dinner...After the movie, he started to talk again. He quickly gave his opinion of what he had seen."-p. 10
"The members of Hitler's inner circle also knew that one of his favorite actresses was Greta Garbo."-p. 13
"The Nazis, in complete consistency with their anti-Semitic policies, were insisting that all cultural workers in Germany be of Aryan descent."-p. 62
"...the Jew, once so prominent in American culture, was suddenly nowhere to be found."-p. 80. The author shows how American filmmakers deleted Jewish characters in an effort not to cause anger at their inclusion by the Third Reich.-p. 90
"From the day Hitler became Chancellor of Germany...American movies were massively popular in the Third Reich."-p. 112
"The collaboration of American movie studios with Nazi Germany was complex and multifaceted..."-p. 147
Urwand comments on Sinclair Lewis' novel "It Can't Happen Here" a book which imagines what would happen if a Fascist dictator ruled the U.S.A.: "No author was better qualified to handle such material than Sinclair Lewis."-p. 161 The book was not made into a movie by nervous film studios who did not want to breast the German ire at material of this sort.
"When "The Mortal Storm" was released on June 14, 1940, it was without any doubt the first truly significant anti-Nazi film..it attacked the Nazis for their persecution of a minority group."-p. 217
Along the way in this fascinating work we read reviews of such films as "King Kong"; "Blond Venus"; "Casablanca" "The Lives of a Bengal Lancer"; "The Eternal Jew" (made in Germany as an attack on the Jewish people) and many more. Reading these reviews by the author can give insight into how Germany reacted to the Hollywood dream factory's films.
During World War II the American film community turned out hundreds of anti-Nazi films though kept mostly mum on the plight of the Jews in Europe.
"The Collaboration" reads like a textbook and may not interest younger readers who have little interest or knowledge of the Hollywood studio system or the film habits of a dictatorship that was destroyed in 1945. However, for us old hands at such study the book provided a few hours of pleasure.
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Good Scholarship But There is Much More to the Story than Indicated by this Book
By Mark R. Jorgensen
Good scholarship as far as it goes and a useful contribution to the literature on this topic. I do not have access to the sources this book is derived from but I believe Mr. Urwand has this part of the story mostly correct -- to varying degrees the studios for a period of years did temper and self-censor film content so as not to seriously offend the Nazi regime. Why should anyone be shocked that corporations made decisions in the hope of improving their bottom lines? As an aside, neither should anyone be surprised that some German corporations in the same period engaged in self-interested conduct that the Nazi regime might not have approved.
Not covered or mentioned by the author is that some of these same studios from 1938 onward sought to insert pro-British content into their films. And starting in 1939 there were a number of significant films that were unmistakably and overtly anti-German and pro-British in tone -- by 1940 there were even more. There is now a well-established literature on this topic that goes back decades and many a thesis and dissertation has dealt with this topic.
In fact, some U.S. Senators and Representatives charged Hollywood with taking a pro-British tilt and there were U.S. Senate hearings on this matter in 1941. It was Wendell Willkie -- the Republican presidential candidate of 1940 -- who represented and defended Hollywood at these hearings.
On some points Mr. Urwand's account is at odds with that of other film historians; nevertheless I appreciate his scholarship and diligence to get this story out. So if there is any deficiency in "The Collaboration" it is that it presents a one-dimensional story -- there is much more going on in this industry and period than any one book or author can hope to encompass.
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